1.什么时候mfa？

多重身份验证（MFA）是多步骤的账户登录过程，它要求用户输入更多信息，而不仅仅是输入密码。例如，除了密码之外，用户可能需要输入发送到其电子邮件的代码，回答一个秘密问题，或者扫描指纹。如果系统密码遭到泄露，第二种形式的身份验证有助于防止未经授权的账户访问。

为什么有必要进行多重身份验证？

数字安全在当今世界至关重要，因为企业和用户都在网上存储敏感信息。每个人都使用在线账户与存储在互联网上的应用程序、服务和数据进行交互。这些在线信息的泄露或滥用可能会在现实世界中造成严重后果，例如财务盗窃、业务中断和隐私泄露。 虽然密码可以保护数字资产，但仅仅有密码是不够的。专家级网络犯罪分子试图主动寻找密码。通过发现一个密码，就有可能获得对您可能重复使用该密码的多个账户的访问权限。多重身份验证作为额外的安全层，即使密码被盗，也可以防止未经授权的用户访问这些账户。企业使用多重身份验证来验证用户身份，并为授权用户提供快速便捷的访问。

2.什么是google authenticator？

Google Authenticator是谷歌推出的一款动态口令工具谷歌身份验证器，解决大家的Google账户遭到恶意攻击的问题，在手机端生成动态口令后，在Google相关的服务登陆中除了用正常用户名和密码外，需要输入一次动态口令才能验证成功，即时验证更安全。 Google Authenticator的实现原理是基于服务器端随机生成的密钥，客户端（Authentictor）使用服务器端的密钥和时间戳通过算法生成动态验证码。该验证码的生成只跟密钥和时间戳有关，客户端在飞行模式下都是可以运行的，跟网络等无关。

安装身份验证器

• IOS 版本：Google Authenticator 可以在App Store搜索google authenticator
• 安卓：Google Authenticator

3.代码工程

实验目标

实验用利用google Authenticator进行2次校验

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springboot-demo</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.et</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>MFA</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigure</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jersey</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
            <version>1.12</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
            <version>3.8.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.h2database/h2 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
            <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.220</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

注册并返回二次校验密钥

package com.et.mfa.controller;

import com.et.mfa.domain.User;

import com.et.mfa.service.UserService;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base32;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "/user/", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public class UserRestController {
    @Value("${2fa.enabled}")
    private boolean isTwoFaEnabled;
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @PostMapping("/register/{login}/{password}")
    public String register(@PathVariable String login, @PathVariable String password) {
        User user = userService.register(login, password);
        String encodedSecret = new Base32().encodeToString(user.getSecret().getBytes());

        // This Base32 encode may usually return a string with padding characters - '='.
        // QR generator which is user (zxing) does not recognize strings containing symbols other than alphanumeric
        // So just remove these redundant '=' padding symbols from resulting string
        return encodedSecret.replace("=", "");
    }
}

登陆和二次校验

package com.et.mfa.controller;

import com.et.mfa.domain.AuthenticationStatus;
import com.et.mfa.domain.User;
import com.et.mfa.service.TotpService;
import com.et.mfa.service.UserService;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken;
import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Optional;


@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "/authenticate/", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public class AuthenticationRestController {
    @Value("${2fa.enabled}")
    private boolean isTwoFaEnabled;
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;
    @Autowired
    private TotpService totpService;

    @PostMapping("{login}/{password}")
    public AuthenticationStatus authenticate(@PathVariable String login, @PathVariable String password) {
        Optional<User> user = userService.findUser(login, password);

        if (!user.isPresent()) {
            return AuthenticationStatus.FAILED;
        }
        if (!isTwoFaEnabled) {
            UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authentication = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(login, password);
            SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);
            return AuthenticationStatus.AUTHENTICATED;
        } else {
            SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(null);
            return AuthenticationStatus.REQUIRE_TOKEN_CHECK;
        }
    }

    @GetMapping("token/{login}/{password}/{token}")
    public AuthenticationStatus tokenCheck(@PathVariable String login, @PathVariable String password, @PathVariable String token) {
        Optional<User> user = userService.findUser(login, password);

        if (!user.isPresent()) {
            return AuthenticationStatus.FAILED;
        }

        if (!totpService.verifyCode(token, user.get().getSecret())) {
            return AuthenticationStatus.FAILED;
        }

        UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authentication = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(user.get().getLogin(), user.get().getPassword(), new ArrayList<>());
        SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);

        return AuthenticationStatus.AUTHENTICATED;
    }

    @PostMapping("/logout")
    public void logout() {
        SecurityContextHolder.clearContext();
    }
}

service

package com.et.mfa.service;

import com.et.mfa.domain.User;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.RandomStringUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Optional;


@Service
public class UserService {
    private static final List<User> users = new ArrayList<>();
    private static final int SECRET_SIZE = 10;

    @Value("${2fa.enabled}")
    private boolean isTwoFaEnabled;

    public User register(String login, String password) {
        User user = new User(login, password, generateSecret());
        users.add(user);

        return user;
    }

    public Optional<User> findUser(String login, String password) {
        return users.stream()
                .filter(user -> user.getLogin().equals(login) && user.getPassword().equals(password))
                .findFirst();
    }

    private String generateSecret() {
        return RandomStringUtils.random(SECRET_SIZE, true, true).toUpperCase();
    }
}

package com.et.mfa.service;

import com.et.mfa.domain.TOTP;
import org.apache.commons.codec.EncoderException;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Hex;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;


@Service
public class TotpService {
    public boolean verifyCode(String totpCode, String secret) {
        String totpCodeBySecret = generateTotpBySecret(secret);

        return totpCodeBySecret.equals(totpCode);
    }

    private String generateTotpBySecret(String secret) {
        // Getting current timestamp representing 30 seconds time frame
        long timeFrame = System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000L / 30;

        // Encoding time frame value to HEX string - requred by TOTP generator which is used here.
        String timeEncoded = Long.toHexString(timeFrame);

        String totpCodeBySecret;
        try {
            // Encoding given secret string to HEX string - requred by TOTP generator which is used here.
            char[] secretEncoded = (char[]) new Hex().encode(secret);

            // Generating TOTP by given time and secret - using TOTP algorithm implementation provided by IETF.
            totpCodeBySecret = TOTP.generateTOTP(String.copyValueOf(secretEncoded), timeEncoded, "6");
        } catch (EncoderException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
        return totpCodeBySecret;
    }
}

前台页面

register.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no" name="viewport">

    <!-- Bootstrap CSS -->
    <link crossorigin="anonymous" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0-beta.3/css/bootstrap.min.css"
          integrity="sha384-Zug+QiDoJOrZ5t4lssLdxGhVrurbmBWopoEl+M6BdEfwnCJZtKxi1KgxUyJq13dy" rel="stylesheet">
    <link href="styles.css" rel="stylesheet"/>

    <title>Register</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="custom-container container">
    <h2 align="center">Register user</h2>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label for="login">Login</label>
        <input class="form-control" id="login" placeholder="Enter login" type="text"/>
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label for="password">Password: </label>
        <input class="form-control" id="password" placeholder="Enter password" type="password"/>
    </div>
    <button class="btn btn-primary" id="btnRegister" type="button">Register</button>
    <button class="btn btn-outline-primary" id="btnCancelRegister" type="button">Cancel</button>
</div>

<div class="modal fade" id="modalRegister" role="dialog" tabindex="-1">
    <div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
        <div class="modal-content">
            <div class="modal-header">
                <h5 class="modal-title">Configure your token</h5>
                <button aria-label="Close" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button">
                    <span aria-hidden="true">×</span>
                </button>
            </div>
            <div class="modal-body">
                <p>
                    To complete registration you should configure your token in Google Authenticator application. You
                    will need this token further to be able to log in.
                </p>
                <p>Scan the QR-code diplayed below or enter token manually.</p>
                <div class="text-center">
                    <img class="img-thumbnail" id="tokenQr" src=""/>
                    <h3><span id="tokenValue"></span></h3>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="modal-footer">
                <button class="btn btn-primary" data-dismiss="modal" id="btnRegisterDone" type="button">Done</button>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>

<!-- Optional JavaScript -->
<!-- jQuery first, then Popper.js, then Bootstrap JS -->
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script crossorigin="anonymous"
        integrity="sha384-ApNbgh9B+Y1QKtv3Rn7W3mgPxhU9K/ScQsAP7hUibX39j7fakFPskvXusvfa0b4Q"
        src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.12.9/umd/popper.min.js"></script>
<script crossorigin="anonymous"
        integrity="sha384-a5N7Y/aK3qNeh15eJKGWxsqtnX/wWdSZSKp+81YjTmS15nvnvxKHuzaWwXHDli+4"
        src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0-beta.3/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<script src="scripts.js" type="application/javascript"></script>
</body>
</html>

login.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no" name="viewport">

    <!-- Bootstrap CSS -->
    <link crossorigin="anonymous" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0-beta.3/css/bootstrap.min.css"
          integrity="sha384-Zug+QiDoJOrZ5t4lssLdxGhVrurbmBWopoEl+M6BdEfwnCJZtKxi1KgxUyJq13dy" rel="stylesheet">
    <link href="styles.css" rel="stylesheet"/>

    <title>Login</title>
</head>
<body>

<div class="custom-container container">
    <h2 align="center">Login</h2>
    <div class="alert alert-danger collapse" id="msgLoginFailed" role="alert">
        Provided login or password could not be recognized
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label for="login">Login</label>
        <input class="form-control" id="login" placeholder="Enter login" type="text"/>
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label for="password">Password: </label>
        <input class="form-control" id="password" placeholder="Enter password" type="password"/>
    </div>
    <button class="btn btn-primary" id="btnLogin" type="button">Login</button>
    <button class="btn btn-outline-primary" id="btnCancelLogin" type="button">Cancel</button>
</div>

<div class="modal fade" id="modalLoginCheckToken" role="dialog" tabindex="-1">
    <div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
        <div class="modal-content">
            <div class="modal-header">
                <h5 class="modal-title">Verify your token</h5>
                <button aria-label="Close" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button">
                    <span aria-hidden="true">×</span>
                </button>
            </div>
            <div class="modal-body">
                <div class="alert alert-danger collapse" id="msgTokenCheckFailed" role="alert">
                    Provided token could not be recognized
                </div>
                <p>
                    To complete login you should verify your token generated in Google Authenticator application.
                    Please, enter the currently generated token to the field below
                </p>
                <div class="text-center">
                    <input id="loginToken" placeholder="Enter token" type="text"/>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="modal-footer">
                <button class="btn btn-primary" id="btnTokenVerify" type="button">Verify</button>
                <button class="btn btn-secondary" data-dismiss="modal" type="button">Cancel</button>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>

<!-- Optional JavaScript -->
<!-- jQuery first, then Popper.js, then Bootstrap JS -->
<script src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery.js"></script>
<script crossorigin="anonymous"
        integrity="sha384-ApNbgh9B+Y1QKtv3Rn7W3mgPxhU9K/ScQsAP7hUibX39j7fakFPskvXusvfa0b4Q"
        src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.12.9/umd/popper.min.js"></script>
<script crossorigin="anonymous"
        integrity="sha384-a5N7Y/aK3qNeh15eJKGWxsqtnX/wWdSZSKp+81YjTmS15nvnvxKHuzaWwXHDli+4"
        src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0-beta.3/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<script src="scripts.js" type="application/javascript"></script>
</body>
</html>

以上只是一些关键代码，所有代码请参见下面代码仓库

代码仓库

• https://github.com/Harries/springboot-demo（mfa）

4测试

启动Spring Boot应用

注册

绑定密钥

登陆

二次交验

5.引用

• https://safety.google/authentication/
• http://www.liuhaihua.cn/archives/711268.html
• https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.google.android.apps.authenticator2&hl=zh